Foundation Built Natural Environment Coursework

Foundation Built Natural Environment - Coursework Example There are two separate departments in the local council that process building warrants and planning permissions (Glover, 2009, pp.17-19). Difference between Building and Planning Control Building Control is the process done by the local council to ensure that properties meet the set legal standards in building works. These regulations are in place to guarantee the durability and safety of every construction. Sometimes, these standards are modified from time to time. For example, generally, building standards are more lax in south England compared to north Scotland. This is due to the harshness of weather in the latter. On the other hand, Planning Control is the process done by the local council to decide whether a construction is acceptable. Aspects such as local preferences and needs, smell, sound, and sight are taken into account before any permission is granted (Glover, 2009, pp.26-27). Building Warrant A Building Warrant is issued as a legal permission to start any construction o r demolition of a property or building. This warrant is granted upon meeting the set legal standards of Building Control. It is a common yet inaccurate belief that Building Warrants are only necessary for structural changes. On the contrary, Building Warrants ensure that the minimum standards for the convenience, interest, protection, and health of the people inside and outside the property or building are met. ... g Warrant is not called for, compliance with the set legal building standards must be carried out, unless the nature of alteration is â€Å"like for like.† (Glover, 2009, pp.31-33) Planning Permission Planning Permissions are different from Building Warrants. They are required in land development plans that are usually comprised of changes of use for, or expansions, of properties. Planning permissions are also at times required for works to trees, listed building consent, demolitions within conservation areas, and outside advertisements. If the alterations are internal, such as the case in most private homes, they do not require Planning Permissions as some of these works are considered â€Å"permitted developments† or are not seen as â€Å"developments.† Although most do not apply to subdivided or flatted residential properties, planning legislation set the requirements for â€Å"permitted developments.† In any case, one should be aware that Building Warr ants may still be required for internal developments or expansions that do not require Planning Permissions (Glover, 2009, p.38). Application for a Building Warrant Building Control surveyors are part of the local council that are in charge of processing Building Warrants. An applicant should fill out application forms and pay the corresponding Building Warrant fee. Details of proposed work should come as an attachment to the application. Fees are based on the estimated cost of the expansion, development, or demolition. Applications are assessed based on the existing building policies and standards, and could take up around three weeks before the issuance of a Building Warrant. Building Control department should be informed when the work will start, and upon satisfactory completion, a surveyor will check the work for the

Freud Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Freud - Essay Example cre ability to hypnotize, necessarily took on a more imaginative turn that revolutionized the way people approached the treatment of the mind (Robbins, 1999). Although others had been doing work to understand the inner workings of the mind before him and others have come after him to refine and build on his theories, as well as add theories of their own, Freud is generally credited with the first break-through in treating the mind as an entity separate from the body. His identification of different levels of thought and how these levels interact and intertwine led to his development of psychotherapy. Within this theory, Freud outlines three major components of an individual’s psyche – the id, the ego and the superego. This intuitive leap, however, did not occur by accident. To understand Freud’s theories, his concept of the human mind and how that translates into his theories regarding human culture, then, it is necessary to understand a little bit about how thes e ideas were developed as well as how Freud himself expressed them. With his origins in the medical field, it should not be surprising to learn that Freud’s psychoanalytic theory had its earliest basis in the fields of 19th century biology and physics. One of the theories that held particular importance to Freud’s theories was that of Hermann von Helmholtz. According to Helmholtz’s dynamic theory of energy, â€Å"energy cannot be destroyed but can only be transformed into other states. Drawing upon this notion of undestroyable energy, Freud formulated a dynamic psychology, one of whose key points is that whenever a psychic drive or urge is suppressed, repressed or driven below (or out of) consciousness, its energy inevitably appears elsewhere† (Landow, 1988). This idea is supported in Freud’s Civilization and its Discontents ( ) as he discusses the aggressive energy associated with the super-ego. â€Å"According to one view, that energy merely carries on the punitive energy of the